Chinese expulsion orders issued in 1755 and 1766 were repealed in 1788. Pre-Spanish Period The Philippines is the only country in Southeast Asia that was subjected to Western colonization before it had the opportunity to develop either a centralized government ruling over a large territory or a dominant culture. Objective: • To be able to understand how Literature started during the Spanish Period. Over time the Chinese not only dominated trade but also dominated many of the trades, such as shipbuilding, on which trade was based, and outnumbered the Spanish. Literature, religion, lifestyles, societal classes and the like was taken into… 6. The removal of legal restrictions on Chinese economic activity and the competition of new Chinese immigrants, however, drove a large number of mestizos out of the commercial sector in mid-nineteenth century. *. Stay tuned for part 2 as that will discuss events from the Dagohoy revolt to the events around the 1870's. The Spanish burned Igorot villages, destroyed their crops and raped their women, yet in 350 years of Spanish occupation the Igorot were never conquered. The estates of the religious orders were concentrated in this region, and mestizos became inquilinos (lessees) of these lands, subletting them to cultivators; a portion of the rent was given by the inquilino to the friary estate. The church also acted as an administrative body. The datus comprised the nobility. A much smaller number lived in the more important towns of the Visayan Islands, such as Cebu and Iloilo, and on Mindanao. Like the Chinese, the mestizos were moneylenders and acquired land when debtors defaulted. The opening of the port of Iloilo on Panay in 1855 and the encouragement of the British vice consul in that town, Nicholas Loney (described by a modern writer as "a one-man whirlwind of entrepreneurial and technical innovation"), led to the development of the previously unsettled island of Negros as the center of the Philippine sugar industry, exporting its product to Britain and Australia. This topic about Pre-Spanish Period is a very exciting one because it will bring us back to the time when our ancestors are still enjoying the blessings of freedom to carve their own destiny under the heavens. There was no legislative branch on that time since the laws of the islands were coming from Spain . It ruled over all of Sarawak, Sabah and Borneo as well as part of the Sulu Islands and the Philippines. *, Chinese and Chinese Mestizos in the Philippines, In the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries, deep-seated Spanish suspicion of the Chinese gave way to recognition of their potentially constructive role in economic development. This constitutes 'fair use' of any such copyrighted material as provided for in section 107 of the US Copyright Law. Discuss the following: a. Filipino American Relations 2. The Spanish were able to gain control of the coastal areas of the northern and central islands, but not the southern islands, where Islam was deeply rooted, and the jungle interior and highlands, where indigenous tribes, including headhunters, were able to repel Spanish incursions. The Chinese presence in the hinterland went hand in hand with the transformation of the insular economy. The most high-status and affluent groups of people were Chinese entrepreneurs, lured by business opportunities, and Spanish officials. By 1867 there were 593 primary schools enrolling 138,990 students; by 1877 the numbers had grown to 1,608 schools and 177,113 students; and in 1898 there were 2,150 schools and over 200,000 students out of a total population of approximately 6 million. Philippine Literature During the Spanish Period 2. This ship was sent eastward and arrived in Mexico in 1573, and its cargo ultimately made it to Spain, where people liked what they saw and a demand for Chinese goods was born. - It is a ritual based on a legend about a princess who dropped her ring into the middle of the sea and offered her hand in marriage in anyone who can retrieve it. Japanese Occupation Era. 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